如何在Unix/Linux下调试脚本程序

日期：2007-01-31　　来自：linux.chinaunix.net

command

Bash shell offers debugging options which can be turn on or off using set command.
=> set -x : Display commands and their arguments as they are executed.
=> set -v : Display shell input lines as they are read.

You can use above two command in shell script itself:

#!/bin/bash
clear
# turn on debug mode
set -x
for f in *
do
   file $f
done
# turn OFF debug mode
set +x
ls
# more commands

You can replace standard
#!/bin/bash
with (for debugging)
#!/bin/bash -xv

Method # 3: Use of intelligent DEBUG function

Add special variable _DEBUG. Set to `on’ when you need to debug a script:
_DEBUG="on"

Put the following function at the beginning of the script:

function DEBUG()
{
 [ "$_DEBUG" == "on" ] &&  $@ || :
}

Now wherever you need debugging simply use DEBUG function
DEBUG echo "File is $filename"
OR
DEBUG set -x
Cmd1
Cmd2
DEBUG set +x


When debugging done and before moving a script to production set _DEBUG to off
No need to delete debug lines.
_DEBUG="off" # set to anything but not to 'on'

Sample script:

#!/bin/bash
_DEBUG="on"
function DEBUG()
{
 [ "$_DEBUG" == "on" ] &&  $@ || :
}

DEBUG echo 'Reading files'
for i in *
do
  grep 'something' $i > /dev/null
  [ $? -eq 0 ] && echo "Found in $i file" || :
done
DEBUG set -x
a=2
b=3
c=$(( $a + $b ))
DEBUG set +x
echo "$a + $b = $c"

Save and run the script:
$ ./script.sh
Output:

Reading files
Found in xyz.txt file
+ a=2
+ b=3
+ c=5
+ DEBUG set +x
+ '[' on == on ']'
+ set +x
2 + 3 = 5

Now set DEBUG to off
_DEBUG="off"
Run script:
$ ./script.sh
Output:

Found in xyz.txt file
2 + 3 = 5

Above is a simple but quite effective technique. You can also try to use DEBUG as an alias instead of function.

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